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1.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-196341

ABSTRACT

Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS) is a rare entity and a novel variant of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT), usually seen in children and nonsmoking young adults. Their occurrence in a posttransplant setting is still rare. These tumors are characterized by prominent epithelioid morphology, large histiocytoid “Reed Sternberg”-like cell, unique pattern of ALK immuno-reactivity, and aggressive clinical behavior. Their etiology and metastatic potential is controversial. In a post-transplant setting, many factors such as trauma, infections with EBV, HIV, Hepatitis C, mycobacteria, fungus, and chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression have been implicated in their etiology. We present the case of a 2-year-old female child who developed multiple omental and mesenteric tumor nodules, 8 months post liver transplant for progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC). Following a histopathological diagnosis of “mesenchymal neoplasm of possible malignant nature” on a trucut biopsy and frozen section, tumor debulking was performed. A final histological diagnosis of EMIS was made on the completely resected tumor. The patient remains in remission nearly 7 months after presentation, without any follow-up systemic chemotherapy. IMT after a solid organ transplant is rare, only 5 cases have been reported in the literature until now. Similar phenomenon has also been noted with hematopoietic stem cell transplant. However, to our knowledge, this case of EMIS in a post liver transplant patient is first of its kind.

2.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2016 Apr-June; 34(2): 257-258
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-176609
3.
Br J Med Med Res ; 2016; 11(2): 1-5
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-181926

ABSTRACT

Aim: We present a case of histoplasmosis presenting with skin nodules and lymphadenopathy from a non endemic area. Case Presentation: A 60-year-old male presented with multiple skin nodules and lymphadenopathy. Discussion: Histoplasmosis is a rare fungal infection caused by dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, occurring in AIDS patients and other immunocompromised individuals. It usually causes pulmonary infection, following which dissemination to the other parts of the body can occur through lymphatics and bloodstream. Skin lesions mimicking tuberculosis or malignancy can be presenting feature of disseminated histoplasmosis in 10% of patients. Histoplasmosis is endemic in Central and South America and Africa. In India it is endemic in east Indian states. Conclusion: Due to non specific clinical presentations, low clinical suspicion especially from non endemic areas and lack of proper diagnostic facilities, a diagnosis of histoplasmosis is not sought. Delay in diagnosis often leads to delayed treatment increasing morbidity and mortality.

4.
West Indian med. j ; 62(8): 758-763, Nov. 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045747

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: There is a lot of information available about various oral hygiene aids used for the maintenance of oral hygiene and the prevention of oral diseases but the reason why people choose a particular product is under-reported. This study sought to assess the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of choosing oral hygiene aids among students of management institutes in Ghaziabad, India. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in five management institutes selected by simple random sampling and data were collected from 1224 students by self-administered structured validated questionnaire. RESULTS: The study showed that toothbrush (96.8%) and toothpaste (95.2%) were the main products used for the maintenance of oral hygiene. The most commonly used brand dentifrices were Colgate and Close-Up (47%, 23.3%) and in toothbrush, Oral B and Colgate (48.4%, 30.9%), respectively. A particular brand of toothpaste was preferred by 66.4% of the subjects because of childhood and parental use, which was the most influential factor (56.9%). Bristle design was the main criterion for choosing a toothbrush (44.9%), followed by bristle consistency (33.1%). The most commonly used toothbrushes were of soft bristle consistency (51.2%) and 10.9% of the subjects did not know the type ofbristle consistency present in their toothbrush. CONCLUSION: Selection of oral hygiene products was based more on parental influence and there seems to be a lack of knowledge and awareness about how to choose a dentifrice and toothbrush.


OBJETIVO: Hay mucha información disponible sobre diferentes elementos auxiliares usados para el mantenimiento de la higiene oral y la prevención de enfermedades orales, pero las razones por las cuales la gente elige tal o cual producto en particular, no son reportadas en la misma medida. Este estudio buscó evaluar los conocimientos, actitudes y comportamientos a la hora de elegir los elementos auxiliares para la higiene bucodental entre los estudiantes de los institutos de administración en Ghaziabad, India. MÉTODO: Se realizó una encuesta transversal en cinco institutos de administración seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple, y se obtuvieron datos de 1224 estudiantes mediante un cuestionario validado estructurado auto-administrado. RESULTADOS: El estudio mostró que el cepillo de dientes (96.8%) y la pasta de dientes (95.2%) eran los principales productos utilizados para el mantenimiento de la higiene oral. Las marcas dentífricas más comúnmente utilizadas fueron Colgate y Close-Up (47%, 23.3%), y en los cepillos de dientes, Oral By Colgate (48.4%, 30.9%) respectivamente. Una marca particular de pasta de dientes era preferida por 66.4% de los sujetos debido al uso por parte de padres y niños, lo que resultó ser el factor más influyente (56.9%). El diseño de las cerdas fue el principal criterio para elegir un cepillo de dientes (44.9%), seguido por la consistencia de las cerdas (33.1%). Los cepillos de dientes más comúnmente usados fueron los de cerdas de consistencia suave (51.2%) y 10.9% de los sujetos no sabían el tipo de consistencia de las cerdas de su cepillo de dientes. CONCLUSIÓN: La selección de productos de higiene oral se basaba más en la influencia de los padres, y parece que hay una falta de conocimiento y conciencia sobre cómo elegir el dentífrico y el cepillo de dientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Oral Hygiene/statistics & numerical data , Health Behavior , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Oral and Dental Hygiene Products , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dental Care/statistics & numerical data
5.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2009 July-Sept; 27(3): 185-190
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-143567

ABSTRACT

Since the advent of human immunodeficiency virus infection, with its profound and progressive effect on the cellular immune system, a group of human opportunistic pathogens has come into prominence. Opportunistic parasitic infection can cause severe morbidity and mortality. Because many of these infections are treatable, an early and accurate diagnosis is important. This can be accomplished by a variety of methods such as direct demonstration of parasites and by serological tests to detect antigen and/or specific antibodies. However, antibody response may be poor in these patients and therefore immunodiagnostic tests have to be interpreted with caution. Cryptosporidium parvum , Isospora belli , Cyclospora cayetanensis , Microsporidia, Entamoeba histolytica and Strongyloides stercoralis are the commonly detected parasites. Detection of these parasites will help in proper management of these patients because drugs are available for most of these parasitic infections.

6.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2007 Jul; 25(3): 179-80
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-54078

Subject(s)
Ethics, Medical , Humans
7.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol ; 2005 Jan; 49(1): 83-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-107428

ABSTRACT

New Livfit (NLF) is a standardized, poly-herbal formulation that has been found useful in the management of hepatitis. The aim of this placebo-controlled study was to evaluate its usefulness against hepatitis B virus in the patients of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Patients were regularly evaluated at 6, 12, 24 and 36 weeks of therapy. With 36 weeks of treatment of NLF, there was rapid clearing of HBV-DNA in a significant number of patients. Significant seroconversion of the other markers of hepatitis B and restoration of the raised levels of ALT and AST was observed. The study suggests the potential usefulness of NLF in the control of HBV infection in the patients of ESRD prior to renal transplant.


Subject(s)
Adult , Double-Blind Method , Hepatitis B, Chronic/blood , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood , Medicine, Ayurvedic , Middle Aged , Phytotherapy , Plant Structures , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Preparations/isolation & purification , Prospective Studies
8.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2005 Jan; 23(1): 44-7
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-53646

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most important causative agent of blood borne hepatitis in humans. Hepatitis D Virus (HDV) infection occurs either as a coinfection or superinfection in HBV carriers. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major cause of transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis and continues to be a major cause of human liver disease throughout the world. The present study was conducted on 70 clinically diagnosed cases of viral hepatitis to study the prevalence of parenterally transmitted viral hepatitis. The serum samples were tested for HBsAg, HBeAg, IgM anti-HBc, anti-HBe, anti-HCV and anti-HDV using separate ELISA kits. Of the 70 serum samples tested, 28 (40%) were positive for HBsAg out of which 3 (4.28%) were positive for HBeAg also. Five (7.1%) of the HBsAg positive cases tested positive for IgM anti-HBc also. HBsAg alone was found in 17 (24.28%) cases. The prevalence of anti-HCV was 3 (4.28%) in 70 cases. Thus early screening of clinically diagnosed cases of viral hepatitis is essential for establishing diagnosis and treatment to prevent long term sequelae.


Subject(s)
Adult , Hepatitis B/blood , Hepatitis C/blood , Hepatitis D/epidemiology , Hepatitis Viruses/isolation & purification , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Prevalence
10.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2004 Apr-Jun; 22(2): 81-6
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-54175

ABSTRACT

Quality assurance (QA) is the total process whereby the quality of laboratory reports can be guaranteed. The term quality control covers that part of QA, which primarily concerns the control of errors in the performance of tests and verification of test results. All materials, equipment and procedures must be adequately controlled. Culture media must be tested for sterility and performance. Each laboratory must have standard operating procedures (SOPs). QA of pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical stages of microbiological procedures should be incorporated in SOPs. The laboratory must be well lit with dust-free air-conditioned environment. Environmental conditions should be monitored. Supervisory and technical personnel should be well qualified. The laboratory should participate in external and internal quality assurance schemes.

11.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2003 Oct-Dec; 21(4): 225-32
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-54101

ABSTRACT

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic is still in its early stages, and a marked increase in global prevalence is projected for the next coming years. Neither behavioural therapies nor current antiretroviral drugs are likely to have an impact on this silent epidemic. Current antiretroviral drugs are too expensive for the developing countries, and there are major problems of adherence, resistance and toxicity, which limit their application and efficacy. The main problem facing us, as inhabitants of a single world, is to prevent further infections regardless of where they occur, and this requires a vaccine programme. A successful immunotherapeutic HIV vaccine has the potential to overcome these problems, and would be a valuable advance. To accelerate the development of an HIV vaccine, additional candidate vaccines must be evaluated in parallel in both industrialized and developing countries. This will require international collaboration and coordination and critical ethical issues will need to be addressed. The probable triple cocktail of the future for global HIV prevention will be vaccination, anti-retroviral therapy, and not the least, behavioural therapy.

12.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2003 Oct-Dec; 21(4): 289-90
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-53586
13.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2003 Jul-Sep; 21(3): 189-92
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-54029

ABSTRACT

Pouch of Douglas aspirates were collected from 50 women with history and examination suggestive of acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and 20 healthy women admitted for tubal ligation served as control. A total of 57 microorganisms were isolated from 37 patients out of 50 in study group. Of 37 positive cultures 21(56.7%) were monomicrobial and 16(43.2%) were polymicrobial. Most common symptom in study group was lower abdominal pain (90%), vaginal discharge (70%) and irregular bleeding (40%) and 30% patients had history of intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) implantation. The predominant aerobic isolates were Escherichia coli, Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CONS), Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae while common anaerobes were Bacteroides fragilis, Prevotella melaninogenica, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Peptostreptococcus spp. Our study shows that cefotaxime, cefuroxime and gentamicin may be used for gram negative aerobic bacilli; cloxacillin, cephaloridine and erythromycin for aerobic gram positive cocci and amikacin and ceftazidime for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thus for optimum therapy of acute PID it is beneficial to keep in mind major conceptual changes and therapeutic realities that have influenced current understanding of acute PID and have affected the choice of therapy.

14.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-91696

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, age and sex distribution, mortality and prognostic factors in cases of Enterobacter bacteremia. METHODS: A total of 18,745 indoor patients with suspected bacteremia were included in study. Enterobacter spp were identified and speciated using standard protocols. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using Stoke's disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution method as recommended by NCCLS. RESULTS: Enterobacter spp ranking sixth was responsible for 4.6% of total group of significant bacteremias. The species most commonly causing bacteremia was E. cloacae (61.8%). The bacteremia was unimicrobial in 85.1% and part of a polymicrobial bacteremia in 14.8%. Portal of entry in decreasing order of frequency were unknown, respiratory tract, urinary tract and surgical wound. The most common clinical finding was fever (97.2%). Of Enterobacter isolates 72.9% were multiresistant to three or more antimicrobial agents. Overall mortality was 51.1%. CONCLUSION: Enterobacter spp are becoming increasingly important nosocomial pathogens. To prevent further emergence of multidrug resistance it may beprudent to avoid third generation cephalosporins and instead combination therapy may be used.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Bacteremia/epidemiology , Child , Enterobacter cloacae/isolation & purification , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Sex Factors
15.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2003 Apr-Jun; 21(2): 118-20
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-53962

ABSTRACT

A total of 59,450 sera from January 1996 to December 2000 were subjected to VDRL testing. Overall VDRL positivity rate was 3.2% and downward trend was observed in the recent years, 1999 and 2000. Majority of the samples were from Gynaecology department, out of which 1.57% were VDRL positive. Out of 30,045 samples from antenatal females, 517(1.47%) were positive, while 304(1.8%) were positive out of 16,980 samples obtained from couples. Out of 304 samples from couples found positive, 17.4% wives had titre >R16; 27.9% wives had titre R1 to R8, out of which 15.3% husbands had titre of >R16. Also, 166 wives with nonreactive VDRL had 19.3% husbands with titre > R16. Thus, couple VDRL test plays an important role in detection of hidden cases of syphilis in the community and early detection and treatment of such cases will further reduce the perinatal morbidity and mortality.

16.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2003 Apr-Jun; 21(2): 111-4
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-53746

ABSTRACT

The present study was carried out to compare the normal aerobic and anaerobic bacterial oral flora with flora from deep seated dental caries, gingivitis and adult periodontitis. All the samples belonging to both the control and study groups yielded microbes. Aerobe / Anaerobe ratio was high in normal flora (1.48) as compared to dental caries (0.9), gingivitis (0.72) and periodontitis (0.56). Ninety seven percent of orodental infections were polymicrobial and three or more microbes were found in 84% cases of study group as compared to 28% in controls. Streptococcus mutans and anaerobic lactobacilli were common in dental caries, Actinomyces and Peptostreptococcus spp. in gingivitis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontitis.

17.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol ; 2003 Jan; 46(1): 137-41
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-75135

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to determine increased level of antibodies to certain bacteria in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Fifty RA patients and 25 each of those suffering from osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy controls were tested for antibodies to somatic ('O) and flagellar ('H') antigens of Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, and for antibodies to 'O' antigen of Klebsiella pneumoniae by standard tube agglutination method. Anti-Proteus antibodies against 'O' and 'H' antigens could be demonstrated in 70% and 64% RA cases respectively, and were statistically significant. Antibodies could be demonstrated against E. coli 'O' and 'H' antigens in 86% and 92% RA cases respectively, and were statistically significant. Against K. pneumoniae 'O' antigen, no antibody could be demonstrated in any of RA and OA cases, and healthy controls. Of the 50 RA patients, 30 had raised CRP levels. Antibodies against P. mirabilis and E. coli antigens appeared to be independent from CRP. Thus a specific elevation in the immune response to P. mirabilis and E. coli has been demonstrated in patients with RA from India.


Subject(s)
Adult , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/etiology , Escherichia coli/immunology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Osteoarthritis/microbiology , Proteus mirabilis/immunology
18.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol ; 2003 Jan; 46(1): 124-6
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-73300

ABSTRACT

One of the most valuable tests for the rapid presumptive identification of Candida albicans is germ tube production. Previously researchers have concluded superior results with serum in germ tube test. However, handling of pooled human serum has danger of acquisition of hepatitis and HIV infections. Therefore, in the present study we compared various media--pooled human serum, sterile horse serum, peptone water and tryptic soy broth. It was observed that human serum remains to be the best with 100% positivity for identification of C. albicans followed by horse serum (76.3%), peptone water (61.8%) and tryptic soy broth (61.8%).


Subject(s)
Candida albicans/growth & development , Culture Media , Humans
19.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 6(6): 281-287, Dec. 2002. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-348946

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Enteric fever continues to be a major public health problem, especially in the developing countries of the tropics. We determined the incidence of Salmonella bloodstream infections and their antimicrobial resistance patterns from May to August in the years 1997-2001 in Haryana, a large state of India. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined for 60 isolates of S. typhi to various commonly used antimicrobial agents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Blood cultures of 6,956 patients (PUO/septicemia) were processed by standard procedures and the Salmonella spp. isolates were identified with specific antisera and with standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by Stokes disc diffusion method. The MIC of 60 randomly isolated strains of S. typhi was determined by agar dilution method using Mueller Hinton Agar medium. RESULTS: Isolation rates of Salmonella spp. increased in 2000 and 2001. Multidrug resistance (MDR) in S. typhi had increased while in S. paratyphi it had decreased markedly. Ninety per cent chloramphenicol sensitivity was seen in S. typhi by MIC method. There was a decrease in the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin of S. typhi with MIC showing an upward trend. All S. typhi tested were sensitive to third generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides with MIC well below the breakpoint. DISCUSSION: Our study indicates that MDR in S. typhi is on the rise in our area. There is also re-emergence of chloramphenicol sensitivity. Rising MIC values of ciprofloxacin may lead to prolonged treatment, delayed recovery or pose treatment failure. Thus, sensitivity pattern of causative organism must be sought before instituting appropriate therapy to prevent further emergence of drug resistance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Salmonella/drug effects , Typhoid Fever/microbiology , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Serotyping , Salmonella paratyphi A/drug effects , Salmonella typhi/drug effects , Salmonella typhimurium/drug effects , Salmonella/classification , Typhoid Fever/epidemiology
20.
Indian J Pediatr ; 2002 Dec; 69(12): 1029-32
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-83639

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: (i)To know the etiology of bacteraemia in children, (ii) To learn the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates. METHOD: Over the period of thirteen months 4,368 blood samples (for blood culture) were collected from children in the age group of 0 day-14 years, suspected of having fever and sepsis. Blood samples were collected for blood culture from each case. Organisms were isolated and identified by conventional methods. Antibiotic susceptibility for each isolate was determined by using modified Stokes method. RESULT: 1,001 cases (22.9%) were culture positive. Incidence of bacteraemia in neonates was 521(33.94%). Gram negative organisms were the most predominant isolates (88.8%). Commonest was Klebsiella 471 (47.1%) followed by Salmonella sp. 162 (16.2%) and Pseudomonas 80 (8%) whereas in gram positive, Staphylococcus aureus 76 (7.6%) was the most common. Maximum sensitivity was seen by sulbactum/cefaperazone combination-969 (98.2%) by all isolates. Linezolid 97 (99.0%) was the most sensitive drug for gram positive isolates. CONCLUSION: Gram negative multidrug resistant organisms were the main cause of septicemia in all the age groups. Therefore great caution is required in selection of antibiotic therapy.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteremia/drug therapy , Bacteria/drug effects , Child , Child, Preschool , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests
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